Prevalence of LDL atherogenic phenotype in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

BACKGROUND Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are 5-8 times more likely to develop coronary heart disease than the general population. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of the small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol particle in patients with SLE. METHODS We recruited 50 consecutive patients with SLE who had no evidence of hypertension or renal failure. Fifty age- and gender-matched healthy controls were also recruited. We measured serum lipid levels and LDL particle diameters by gradient gel electrophoresis in both patients and controls. RESULTS Patients with SLE had significant dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated plasma triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, Apoprotein B, triglyceride:high-density (HDL) lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and decreased plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol. The LDL particle size in SLE (24.8 ± 1.23 nm) was significantly (P < 0.01) smaller than that in controls (26.1 ± 1.31 nm). The prevalence of the LDL phenotype B (the atherogenic phenotype) was 52% in SLE but only 20% in healthy controls. CONCLUSION We conclude that the high prevalence of small dense LDL in SLE may contribute to the high incidence of coronary heart disease seen in this disorder.